Prevalence of obesity in patients suffering from migraine

Background: Migraine is one of the most common primary headaches, accounting for significant morbidity in patients suffering from it. An association between obesity and migraine has been documented in the past, despite some studies pointing to the contrary. Author’s purpose is to calculate the prevalence of obesity in migraine patients in order to contribute to the existing concepts. A positive correlation could lead to the employment of weight loss interventions in the management of obese patients with migraine.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 patients, recently diagnosed with migraine, attending the Neurology Outpatient Department at the Dr. Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi were enrolled after taking informed consent.  Migraine was diagnosed using International Classification of Headache Disorders III (ICHD III) criteria. Height (meters) and weight (kilograms) were measured and body mass index calculated. This data was kept confidential. The results were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 19.  Continuous quantitative data were analyzed using chi square test. A p Value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of enrolled participants was 30.69±6.96 years, 204(51%) were >30 years of age, 159(39.8%) were male and 241(60.3%) were female, mean height was 1.55±0.1 meters, mean weight was 56.26±12.98 kg, and mean duration of migraine was 5.04±2.02 weeks. The prevalence of obesity in patients with migraine was 108 (27%).Conclusions: It was concluded that the prevalence of obesity in patients with migraine was 27%.

Is it Possible to Easily Identify Metabolically Healthy Obese Women? / É Possível Identificar Facilmente Mulheres Obesas Metabolicamente Saudáveis?

Abstract Background: Obesity is recognized as a major risk factor for the development of several metabolic complications. However, some obese individuals have a favorable metabolic profile. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify an easy parameter for recognizing metabolically healthy obese (MHO) women. Methods: A total of 292 non-diabetic women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were selected, and 239 composed the final cohort. We classified the participants according to their metabolic state determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) into MHO or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Both groups were compared regarding biochemical, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics. Results: The average age of the cohort was 43.9 ± 10.9 years and the average BMI was 37.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2. In total, 75.7% of the participants were classified as MHO by HOMA. A cutoff of 108.2 cm for waist circumference (WC) identified MHO participants with a sensitivity of 72.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.8-82.3%), specificity of 66.9% (95% CI: 59.71-73.3%), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.36-0.47). Additionally, a visceral adiposity index cutoff value of 99.2 identified MHO women with a sensitivity of 89.7% (95% CI: 79.2-95.2%), specificity of 48.6% (95% CI: 41.4-55.9%), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.15-0.30). Conclusion: Women classified as MHO exhibited smaller WC measurements and lower body fat percentages, as well as lower blood glucose and insulin levels. WC emerged as an easy parameter for identifying MHO women.

Resumo Fundamento: A obesidade é reconhecida como um fator de risco importante no desenvolvimento de várias complicações metabólicas. Porém, alguns indivíduos obesos apresentam um perfil metabólico favorável. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar um parâmetro fácil para reconhecer mulheres obesas metabolicamente saudáveis (OMS) Métodos: Foram selecionadas 292 mulheres não diabéticas com índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ 30 kg/m2 e a coorte final foi composta de 239. De acordo com o estado metabólico determinado pelo modelo de avaliação da homeostase (HOMA), as participantes foram classificadas como obesas metabolicamente saudáveis (OMS) ou obesas metabolicamente não saudáveis (OMNS). Compararam-se ambos os grupos quanto às características bioquímicas, antropométricas e de composição corporal. Resultados: A idade média da coorte foi de 43,9 ± 10,9 anos e o IMC médio foi 37,2 ± 5,3 kg/m2. No total, 75,7% das participantes foram classificadas como OMS pelo HOMA. O ponto de corte para a circunferência da cintura (CC) de 108,2 identificou mulheres OMS com sensibilidade de 72,4% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 59,8-82,3%), especificidade de 66,9% (IC 95%: 59,71-73,3%) e razão de verossimilhança negativa (RVN) de 0,41 (IC 95%: 0,36-0,47). Adicionalmente, o ponto de corte de 99,2 para o índice de adiposidade visceral (IAV) identificou mulheres OMS com sensibilidade de 89,7% (IC 95%: 79.2-95.2%), especificidade de 48,6% (IC 95%: 41,4-55,9%) e RVN de 0,21 (IC 95%: 0.15-0.30). Conclusões: Mulheres classificadas como OMS apresentaram menor CC, menor percentual de gordura corporal e menores níveis séricos de glicose e de insulina. A CC foi identificada como um parâmetro fácil para identificar mulheres OMS.

Prevalencia de obesidad en adultos del municipio de Soledad (Atlántico, Colombia), 2010 / Prevalence of obesity in adults in the municipality of Soledad (Atlántico, Colombia), 2010

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad en adultos del municipio de Soledad (Atlántico, Colombia) según diferentes consensos de clasificación. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se calculó una muestra de 790 individuos (N=103731; prevalencia esperada: 22%; error: 3%; nivel de confianza: 95%). Previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó una encuesta sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular, y a los individuos también se les tomó el peso, la talla y el perímetro de cintura. Como criterios de obesidad se tuvieron en cuenta: índice de masa corporal >29,9Kg/m², perímetros de cintura > = 102cm (ATP III) y 90cm (IDF) en hombres, y 88cm (ATP III) y 80cm (IDF) en mujeres, según consensos internacionales. Resultados: Prevalencia de obesidad: autorreferida: 53,2%, por índice de masa corporal: 24,6%, abdominal: 72,3% (International Diabetes Federation) y 45,2% (Adult Treatment Panel III). Porcentajes de obesidad significativamente mayores en mujeres (p Conclusión: Se encontró una prevalencia de obesidad mayor empleando los criterios de la International Diabetes Federation. La población estudiada está expuesta a factores de riesgo que pueden potenciar el efecto negativo de la obesidad sobre su estado de salud.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of obesity in adults in the municipality of Soledad, according to different classification consensus. Methods: Cross-sectional study. There were calculated a sample of 790 individuals (N= 103,731; expected prevalence: 22%; error: 3% confidence level: 95%). Previously filled Informed consent, a survey about cardiovascular on risk factors was applied, and weight, height and waist circumference were taken from individuals too. As obesity criteria were considered: body mass index > 29.9 kg/m², waist circumference > 102cm (ATP III) and 90cm (IDF) for men, and 88cm (ATP III) and 80cm (IDF) in women, according to international consensus. Results: Prevalence of obesity: self-referred: 53.2%, for body mass index: 24.6%, abdominal: 72.3% (International Diabetes Federation) and 45.2% (Adult Treatment Panel III). Significantly higher rates of obesity in women (p Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity was higher using the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The study population is exposed to risk factors that may enhance the negative effect of obesity on health.

The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Young and Middle-Aged Rural Population in Sarawak, Malaysia

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) was the second leading cause of death in Malaysia in 2006. CHD has known risk factors including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among 260 participants aged 20 to 65 years in a rural community in Sarawak. Results: The prevalences of overweight and obesity in this study were 39.6% and 11.9%, respectively. Approximately 13% of participants had hypertension, and 1.5% had a random blood sugar greater than 11.1 mmol/L. Chi-square tests showed significant associations between obesity and gender (P = 0.007), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and race (P = 0.05), high total cholesterol and age (P = 0.007), age and hypertension (P = 0.011), smoking and gender (P 45 years) were 0.395 times more likely to have high cholesterol and that those with a higher monthly household income (> RM830) were 2.471 times more likely to smoke. Conclusion: These findings indicate that we should be concerned about the high rates of overweight in this rural community to prevent obesity.

The Physical Development and Dietary Intake for Korean Children and Adolescents Body Composition and Obesity Prevalence

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition difference and obesity prevalence in grade 5 to 8 by gender. A total of 1,333 students, 707 boys and 631 girls, were recruited from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, lean body mass, and body fat were assessed. Height and weight were increased by grade, but Body Mass Index (BMI) by grade showed no significant difference among boys. Lean body mass had growth spurt between 7 and 8 grade among boys compared to gradual increase among girls. Overweight and obesity prevalence were higher among elementary schoolers than middle schoolers. Overweight (BMI for age >85 th percentile) prevalence was about 44% among 5 th grade boys compared 29% among same grade girls. These results provided that there were prominent difference regarding body growth and obesity prevalence in gender and grade. Further studies for children and adolescents should be considered their body composition change.

Definition and Epidemiology of Obesity

Obesity can be defined as the excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissues, to the extent that health may be impaired. The most widely used measures of total and abdominal adiposity are the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference, respectively. During the past several decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased substantially, making it a true epidemic and a public health crisis, with about 315 million people worldwide estimated to fall into the WHOdefined obesity categories with BMI of 30 or above. Indeed, the obesity epidemic has been already leading to dramatic increases in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndromes. On the other hand, there are substantial risks for morbidity in obese children even before they reach adulthood, and if obesity in childhood persists into the adult years, the morbidity and mortality are greater than if the obesity developed in adulthood. The major causes of the rapid global rise in obesity rates lie in the profound environmental and societal changes now affecting large parts of the world and creating societies in which physical activities are low and the availability of highfat, energydense foods has increased. Strategies aimed at preventing weight gain and obesity are likely to be more cost effective and to have a greater positive impact on the longterm control of body weight than treating obesity once it has developed.